Zhè dào cài tài là le, wǒ chī bù liǎo.
This dish is too spicy, I cannot eat it.
This sentence uses the grammar structure 'Verb + 不 + 能 + Verb' to indicate the inability to do something.
菜 (cài): dish太 (tài): too辣 (là): spicy吃 (chī): to eat不了 (bù liǎo): cannot
wǒ xǐ huān chī niú ròu miàn.
I like to eat beef noodles.
In this sentence, we use the verb 喜欢(xǐ huān) to express liking or preference. We also use the verb 吃(chī) to indicate the action of eating. The object in this sentence is 牛肉面(niú ròu miàn), which means beef noodles.
我 (wǒ): I喜欢 (xǐ huān): like吃 (chī): eat牛肉面 (niú ròu miàn): beef noodles
Tā de zhōngwén shuō dé bǐ wǒ hǎo.
He speaks better Chinese than I do.
The sentence uses the comparative structure '比…好' (better than) to compare the level of proficiency of two people in a particular skill (in this case, speaking Chinese). The subject '他' (he) is put in front of the possessive '的' to express 'his' language ability.
他的 (tā de): his中文 (zhōngwén): Chinese language说 (shuō): to speak比 (bǐ): than我 (wǒ): I好 (hǎo): good
Jīntiān tiānqì hěn hǎo, wǒmen qù páshān ba!
The weather is lovely today, let's go hiking!
This sentence is a suggestion in the form of a proposal. The speaker uses the particle '吧' to signal their suggestion. Also, the '很好' structure is used to describe the weather as 'lovely', which is a common structure in Mandarin Chinese.
今天 (jīntiān): today天气 (tiānqì): weather很 (hěn): very好 (hǎo): good, lovely我们 (wǒmen): we, us去 (qù): go爬山 (páshān): hiking吧 (ba): particle indicating suggestion
Wǒ xǐhuān qù hǎibiān yóuyǒng.
I like to go swimming at the beach.
In this sentence, the verb 'qù' (to go to) is used to indicate the destination of the action, which is 'hǎibiān' (beach). The verb 'yóuyǒng' (to swim) follows after the destination.
我 (wǒ): I喜欢 (xǐhuān): to like去 (qù): to go to海边 (hǎibiān): beach游泳 (yóuyǒng): to swim